A new publication authored by GoverDENSE members Jessica Verheij, Deniz Ay, Jean-David Gerber and Stéphane Nahrath analyses the implementation of publicly-accessible green spaces in two densification projects, one in Utrecht (the Netherlands) and one in Biel (Switzerland).  

We apply the theoretical concept of club goods to understand how and why market-oriented actors are interested in providing green spaces as exclusive amenity for their residents. Yet this process is far from inevitable. By analysing the implementation of densification projects as a negotiation of public and private interests, we show how planners combine public- and private-law instruments to strategically impose planning goals while simultaneously safeguarding the interests of developers and investors. 

The article is published in the journal Planning Theory & Practice and available here.